Main Ref. | Matsuura, K., 2001 |
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Remarks | Inhabit coastal areas, usually found over muddy and sandy bottoms, also around reefs, together with the sponges and algae (Ref. 5213). Feed on benthic animals (Ref. 9769). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Fonte Biblio. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ivantsoff, W., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Commento | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.64 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |||
From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Fonte Biblio. | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |