Main Ref. | Vega-Cendejas, M.E., M. Hernandez and F. Arreguin-Sanchez, 1994 |
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Remarks | Found over soft bottoms of bays and shallow inshore areas, often along sand beaches (Ref. 2850). Enters freshwater (Ref. 7251). Juveniles are encountered in lagoons of mangroves. Omnivorous (Ref. 9303). Diggers of localized excavations feeding on bottom animals (Ref. 40396). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.24 | 0.11 | 3.17 | 0.43 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.32 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Austin, H. and S. Austin, 1971 |