Main Ref. | Pauly, D., 1989 |
---|---|
Anmärkningar | Benthic. It is reyed upon by fishes, including cod, pollock, swordfish and spiny dogfish. Parasites of the species include Anthocotyle merlucii (monogenean), Clestobothrium crassiceps (cestode), Anisakis simplex and Thynnascaris adunca (nematodes), Caligus curtus, C. elongatus, Chondracanthus merlucci and Sphyrion lumpi (copepods) (Ref. 5951). See also Ref. 8999. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Pauly, D., 1989 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | 4.49 | 0.37 | 4.20 | 0.69 | Troph of adults from 4 studies. |
Från individuella födoämnen | 4.18 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hesler, T.E., F.P. Almeida and D.E. Waldron, 1995 |