Ecology Summary - Parupeneus pleurostigma

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Main Ref.	Honebrink, R., 1990
Remarks	Primarily an insular species (Ref. 30573). Usually solitary, it occurs in seagrass beds (Ref. 41878) as well as over sand, rubble, or coral and rock bottoms of shallow lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of at least 46 m (Ref. 2334). Juvenile in small groups. Stomach contents of 15 specimens consisted of crab larvae (36%), polychaete worms (20%), and the rest in the order by volume: shrimps, heart urchins, sipunculids, bivalve molluscs, foraminifera, brittlestars, fishes, amphipods, stomatopods, small gastropods, and unidentified small crustaceans (Ref. 54393).

Main Ref.

Honebrink, R., 1990

Remarks

Primarily an insular species (Ref. 30573). Usually solitary, it occurs in seagrass beds (Ref. 41878) as well as over sand, rubble, or coral and rock bottoms of shallow lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of at least 46 m (Ref. 2334). Juvenile in small groups. Stomach contents of 15 specimens consisted of crab larvae (36%), polychaete worms (20%), and the rest in the order by volume: shrimps, heart urchins, sipunculids, bivalve molluscs, foraminifera, brittlestars, fishes, amphipods, stomatopods, small gastropods, and unidentified small crustaceans (Ref. 54393).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Parupeneus pleurostigma may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1985
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Honebrink, R., 1990

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.41	0.24	3.33	0.36	Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
From individual food items	3.40	0.44			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1985

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