Main Ref. | Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978 |
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Remarks | Lives on mixed bottoms, the older the deeper the occurrence. Small individuals are usually seen on bathing beaches (Ref. 9988). Reported to be a resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Feeds mainly on thin-shelled mollusks and polychaetes. Mollusks are the most common items in the diet, but they also catch bottom- dwelling fishes. The most important flatfish for fisheries in Europe. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.17 | 0.27 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.23 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Rijnsdorp, A.D. and B. Vingerhoed, 2001 |