Main Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
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Remarks | Commonly found in subtidal reef flats and shallow protected lagoons. Territorial. Feed on algae, detritus, mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sea urchins, fishes, corals, tunicates, forams, and eggs (Ref. 3921). Also caught with drive-in nets and is considered a popular aquarium fish (Ref. 9770). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Acuan | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.21 | 0.14 | 3.28 | 0.49 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.22 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Acuan | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |