主な参照 | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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意見 | Common in bays and estuaries often entering rivers. Also found in offshore waters at depths of about 500 m, generally less than 100 m. Feeds mainly on small bony fishes, including wrasses, but also marine snails, squid and shrimp. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
参照 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
供給様式 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
食性 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | 原本のサンプル | Unfished population | 意見 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
餌料組成から | 3.99 | 0.21 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. | ||
個々の食物品目から | 4.00 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参照 | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |