Main Ref. | Boraey, F.A. and F.M. Soliman, 1987 |
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Remarks | Found in coastal waters, entering estuaries (Refs. 30573, 9773), in sandy and muddy areas (Ref. 9137). Juveniles and/or adults are found near inshore and far inshore waters (Ref. 121464). Demersal. Dwells in coral and rocky reefs. Forms shoals. Nocturnal. Feeds on small crustaceans, copepods, amphipods, and other invertebrates (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | shoaling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Boraey, F.A. and F.M. Soliman, 1987 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Boraey, F.A. and F.M. Soliman, 1987 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.08 | 0.10 | 3.15 | 0.31 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.71 | 0.35 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Boraey, F.A. and F.M. Soliman, 1987 |