Main Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
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Remarks | Parasites of the species include 1 protozoan, 2 myxosporidians, 1 monogenean, 1 trematode and 2 nematodes (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.72 | 0.26 | 3.56 | 0.46 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.73 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |