Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 0 - ? m. Subtropical; 32°N - 23°N
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan and Taiwan (Ref. 5193). Not in Russia as in (Ref. 27863) (Parin, pers. comm.).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559)
Found in the neritic zone (Ref. 11230). Spawning school captured with gill-net in early summer. Common and commercially valued. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.4 - 26.1, mean 24.5 °C (based on 123 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00288 - 0.01384), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Assuming tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 228 [83, 455] mg/100g; Iron = 1.76 [0.90, 3.98] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.319 [0.147, 0.878] g/100g; Selenium = 20.2 [8.9, 42.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.2 [5.5, 69.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.891 [0.607, 1.352] mg/100g (wet weight);
