Family Torpedinidae - Electric rays | ||||
Order | : | Torpediniformes | ||
Class | : | Elasmobranchii | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 2 | Species : 24 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | lower Tertiary lower Eocene | Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark | : | Distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Short description: Head equipped with electric organs, developed from branchial muscles; eyes small; disc truncate anteriorly; jaws extremely slender; no labial cartilage; rostrum reduced; tail well developed; 2 dorsal and caudal fins well developed. Skin soft and loose. Large specimens can give a severe jolt, normally used to stun small fishes on which they feed. The young hatch inside the uterus and are born fully developed. Subfamily Hypninae elevated to family rank. | ||
Etymology | : | Latin, torpere = to be with paralysis, caused when touching the fish or when it waves ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | bearers | ||
Typical activity level | : | sluggish | ||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Deep Fin Classification | : |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Raja torpedo Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Narcacion torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Torpedo narke Delaroche, 1809 | ambiguous | other | original |
Torpedo ocellata Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo unimaculata Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo narke Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
! Torpedo narce Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo oculata Davy, 1834 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 | accepted | senior | original |
Narcacion marmoratus (Risso, 1810) | synonym | senior | new |
Narcobatus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) | synonym | senior | new |
Torpedo immaculata Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo punctata Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo galvani Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo vulgaris Fleming, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo diversicolor Davy, 1834 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo picta Lowe, 1843 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo trepidans Valenciennes, 1843 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831 | accepted | senior | original |
Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831 | accepted | senior | original |
! Torpedo sinus-persi Olfers, 1831 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo zugmayeri Engelhardt, 1912 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo marmorata (non Risso, 1810) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855 | accepted | senior | original |
Narcacion fuscomaculatus (Peters, 1855) | synonym | senior | new |
Narcacion polleni Bleeker, 1865 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo polleni (Bleeker, 1865) | synonym | junior | new |
Torpedo smithii Günther, 1870 | synonym | junior | original |
Narcacion marmoratus (non Risso, 1810) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Torpedo marmorata (non Risso, 1810) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Torpedo panthera (non Olfers, 1831) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Torpedo suessii Steindachner, 1898 | accepted | senior | original |
! Torpedo suessi Steindachner, 1898 | synonym | senior | original |
! Torpedo suissi Steindachner, 1898 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo mackayana Metzelaar, 1919 | accepted | senior | original |
Torpedo nobiliana (non Bonaparte, 1835) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Torpedo andersoni Bullis, 1962 | accepted | senior | original |
Torpedo bauchotae Cadenat, Capapé & Desoutter, 1978 | accepted | senior | original |
Torpedo alexandrinsis Mazhar, 1987 | provisionally accepted | senior | original |
! Torpedo alexandrensis Mazhar, 1987 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo adenensis Carvalho, Stehmann & Manilo, 2002 | accepted | senior | original |
Tetronarce occidentalis (Storer, 1843) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo occidentalis Storer, 1843 | synonym | senior | original |
Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835 | synonym | senior | original |
Narcacion nobilianus (Bonaparte, 1835) | synonym | senior | new |
Narcobatus nobilianus (Bonaparte, 1835) | synonym | senior | new |
! Torpedo nobilianus Bonaparte, 1835 | synonym | senior | original |
! Torpedo nobililana Bonaparte, 1835 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo hebetans Lowe, 1838 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo emarginata McCoy, 1841 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo nigra Guichenot, 1850 | synonym | junior | original |
Torpedo walshii Thompson, 1856 | synonym | junior | original |
Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo californica Ayres, 1855 | synonym | senior | original |
! Tetranarce californica (Ayres, 1855) | synonym | senior | new |
Torpedo chilensis (non Guichenot, 1848) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Tetronarce fairchildi (Hutton, 1872) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo fairchildi Hutton, 1872 | synonym | senior | original |
Tetronarce tokionis (Tanaka, 1908) | accepted | senior | new |
Tetronarcine tokionis Tanaka, 1908 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo tokionis (Tanaka, 1908) | synonym | senior | new |
Tetronarce puelcha (Lahille, 1926) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo puelcha Lahille, 1926 | synonym | senior | original |
Tetronarce macneilli (Whitley, 1932) | accepted | senior | new |
Notastrape macneilli Whitley, 1932 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo macneilli (Whitley, 1932) | synonym | senior | new |
Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo tremens de Buen, 1959 | synonym | senior | original |
Tetronarce peruana (Chirichigno F., 1963) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo tremens peruana Chirichigno F., 1963 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo peruana Chirichigno F., 1963 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Tetronarce microdiscus (Parin & Kotlyar, 1985) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo microdiscus Parin & Kotlyar, 1985 | synonym | senior | original |
Tetronarce semipelagica (Parin & Kotlyar, 1985) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo semipelagica Parin & Kotlyar, 1985 | synonym | senior | original |
Tetronarce formosa (Haas & Ebert, 2006) | accepted | senior | new |
Torpedo formosa Haas & Ebert, 2006 | synonym | senior | original |
Torpedo nobiliana (non Bonaparte, 1835) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert, Haas & de Carvalho, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Torpedo nobiliana (non Bonaparte, 1835) | misapplied | misapplied | original |