Teleostei (teleosts) >
Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses) >
Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Syngnathus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Stewart ‘Stew’ Springer (1906–1991) was a field naturalist who dropped out of Butler College (1929) but was awarded a baccalaureate by George Washington University (1964), by which time he was world-renowned as an expert on both the taxonomy and [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 11 - 128 m (Ref. 126547). Subtropical; 37°N - 8°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina in USA, Bahamas and northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Panama.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)
Inhabits offshore waters, usually from 18-127 m depth. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Male carries the eggs in a brood pouch (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.3 - 27.4, mean 24.6 °C (based on 93 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00028 (0.00012 - 0.00064), b=3.21 (3.03 - 3.39), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.2 [18.8, 73.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.7 [0.4, 1.2] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.4, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.177 [0.097, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 21.2 [10.3, 47.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 58.8 [18.7, 181.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.721 [0.471, 1.107] mg/100g (wet weight);
