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Teleostei (teleosts) > Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Balistes: Latin, balista, -ae = crossbowman. In Greek, ballo = to throw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gmelin.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 7348), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 7348). Tropical; 32°N - 17°S, 26°W - 14°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic from Madeira to Angola; including the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. ); max. published weight: 1.8 kg

Found over sand and rock bottoms of coastal waters. Feeds on crabs and bivalves (Ref. 4727).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Matsuura, Keiichi | Collaborators

Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Balistidae. p. 1055-1060. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7348)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Vulnerable (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 16 June 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Anatomy
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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.9 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 196 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01917 - 0.04543), b=2.88 (2.75 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 4.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 88.5 [39.2, 198.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.52, 2.54] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.4, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.223 [0.101, 0.499] g/100g; Selenium = 87 [43, 203] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.17 [2.77, 31.60] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.852 [0.562, 1.294] mg/100g (wet weight);

Balistes punctatus Gmelin, 1789