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Teleostei (teleosts) > Anabantiformes (Gouramies, snakeheads) > Osphronemidae (Gouramies) > Macropodusinae
Etymology: Betta: Malay/Javanese origin. Bleeker (1850, 1858) indicates Ikan Wadder Bettah as the local name of Betta trifasciata Bleeker, 1849 (now Betta picta, Valenciennes, 1846) in the Ambarawa Javanese dialect. Ikan Wader is a common Javanese name for smaller freshwater fishes, especially cyprinids (already used in Old Javanese). See Blust, R. & Trussel, S. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Web Edition (https://www.trussel2.com/acd/); gladiator: From the Latin gladiator, meaning warrior or fighter, alluding to the aggressive behaviour of the species.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; benthopelagic; pH range: 4.2 - 4.8. Tropical

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Asia: Maliau basin in Sabah, Malaysia.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 5.6 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56613)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 9; Anal spines: 1 - 2; Anal soft rays: 27 - 30; Vertebrae: 33 - 34. Absence of anal-fin base sheath scales; absence of dorsal-fin spine; body yellowish brown, opercle bluish; caudal fin plain brown; vertebrae 33-34; anal-fin rays 28-31 (mode 30); dorsal-fin rays 7-9 (mode 8); pectoral-fin rays 16-17 (mode 17); subdorsal scales 5-6 1/2 (mode 6); lateral scales 34-36 (mode 35); predorsal scales 24-27 (mode 26); predorsal length 68.0-72.8% SL; head length 28.5-31.3% SL; length of anal-fin base 48.1-52.8% SL; length of dorsal-fin base 7.3-11.4% SL; lower jaw length 28.3-38.3% HL (Ref. 56613).

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); This is an aggressive and territorial species which inhabits heath forest with acidic water. Single adults stay about one meter apart, usually together with a small number of juveniles. Individuals kept in captivity continuously fight and have to be kept separately, otherwise they would have killed each other (Ref. 56613).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng, 2005. The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus Betta) of Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):43-99. (Ref. 56613)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 December 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00377 - 0.02651), b=2.97 (2.74 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Betta gladiator Tan & Ng, 2005