Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 30 - 450 m (Ref. 116159). Subtropical; 46°N - 16°N, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: southern coast of Portugal to Mauritania, including the Mediterranean. Not found in the Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.0, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 22.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 128593); common length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); max. published weight: 93.29 g (Ref. 128593)
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 16.4, mean 15 °C (based on 35 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00806 - 0.01132), b=3.07 (3.02 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.19; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 142 [68, 335] mg/100g; Iron = 1.63 [0.85, 3.13] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.65 [0.30, 1.76] g/100g; Selenium = 33.7 [16.7, 81.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [8.5, 70.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.899 [0.607, 1.341] mg/100g (wet weight);