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Teleostei (teleosts) > Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) > Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 6 - 18 m (Ref. 36488). Subtropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: San Clemente Island in south California, USA to Panama and the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4930)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 95 - 115; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 75 - 91; Vertebrae: 60 - 63. Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 36488).

Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Inhabits rocky areas of shallow waters (Ref. 2850). Hides in dark caverns and crevices during the day, active at night (Ref. 2850). Gives birth to live young (Ref. 28023).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Ovoviviparous (Ref. 36488).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 April 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: of no interest

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Ecology
Ecology

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 26.7 °C (based on 204 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00179 - 0.01169), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 52.9 [24.3, 133.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.352, 1.248] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.086, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 12 [5, 30] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.1 [20.4, 228.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.611, 1.562] mg/100g (wet weight);

Grammonus diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)