Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ gần đáy; sống cả ở nước ngọt và nuớc mặn (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 6°C - 20°C (Ref. 2060); 37°S - 44°S
Oceania: widely separated populations in southeastern and southwestern Australia.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 44894); common length : 10.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. )
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Occurs in still or slow-flowing waters at low elevations close to the sea; most abundant along shore margins in rocky areas. Found around plants, rocks or logs on the margins of still or flowing rivers, streams and lakes (Ref. 44894). The species has a marine juvenile stage, indicative of a diadromous life cycle. Spawning takes place from autumn to winter, among aquatic vegetation. Newly hatched larvae drift downcurrent and out to sea where they spend their first few months, eventually returning to fresh water during spring among annual whitebait migrations. In lacustrine and other landlocked populations, adults move upstream into feeder streams to spawn. The larvae are then swept downstream into lakes (Ref. 44894). Feeds mainly on aquatic and terrestrial insects.
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: không ích lợi (thú vị)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 17.1, mean 15.4 °C (based on 135 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00206 - 0.01165), b=3.12 (2.91 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Fec=1,175).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
