分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 60 m (Ref. 9772). 熱帶; 29°N - 10°S, 48°E - 125°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Taiwan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to about the southern tip of Java.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到台灣與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到大約爪哇的最南端。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 16.6, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 22 - 24; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7. Mental pores in 2 pairs, both small, the first pair at front of chin, separated by symphysis. Gill rakers slender, as long as gill filaments at angle of arch, 9-12 on lower limb. Dorsal fin with 22-24 soft rays. Second anal spine short, slender, 22-36 % of head length. Caudal fin truncate. Scales cycloid (smooth) on head and flanks. Swim bladder carrot-shaped, with 17-22 pairs of fan-like appendages along its sides, the first not entering head. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the tail of which is hockey-stick-shaped. Nape with a diffused dusky blotch.
在 2 對中的神經孔, 兩者的小, 在下巴的前面的第一對,藉著瘉合處分開。 鰓耙細長的, 長達鰓絲在突出部位上弓, 在下肢上的 9-12。 背鰭有 22-24 軟鰭條。 第二臀鰭棘短的﹐細長的﹐和 22-36% 的頭長。 尾鰭截形。 鱗片圓形的 (平滑的) 在頭部與側面上。 泳鰾胡蘿蔔-形狀的, 與 17-22個對扇狀的附肢沿著它的側邊，第一個不進入頭部。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 具有一個蝌蚪-形狀的印象, 尾部是曲棍球桿-形狀的。 後頸有一個被擴散的暗色斑塊。
Occurs in inshore waters. Feeds on small crustaceans, benthic worms and small fishes. Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 9772).
出現於近岸水域。 吃小型甲殼動物，底棲的蠕蟲與小魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬了。 (參考文獻 9772)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到台灣與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到大約爪哇的最南端。
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 July 2016
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1510 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00707 - 0.01700), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 (0.9 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.53-1.94).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 175 [100, 347] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.59, 2.06] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.247 [0.129, 0.420] g/100g; Selenium = 50.2 [25.9, 99.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [8.0, 77.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] mg/100g (wet weight);
