分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 热带; 47°N - 31°S, 34°E - 154°E (Ref. 54923)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to New Guinea, north to Japan, south to Australia. Reported in New Zealand (Ref. 89192).
印度-西太平洋: 红海而且东非到新几内亚,北至日本, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 60.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 145 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大体重: 35.9 kg (Ref. 168); 最大年龄: 19 年 (Ref. 97108)
脊椎骨: 39. A small species, deepest near the middle of the first dorsal fin base. The second dorsal fin is higher than the first dorsal fin; the pectoral fins are short to moderately long; swim bladder is absent or rudimentary. Lower sides and belly silvery white with colorless elongate oval spots arranged in horizontally oriented rows. The dorsal, pectoral and pelvic fins are blackish; the tip of the second dorsal and anal fins are washed with yellow; the anal fin is silvery; the dorsal and anal finlets are yellow with grayish margins; the caudal fin is blackish, with streaks of yellow green.
一种小的种, 深的在第一背鳍基底的中央的附近。 第二个背鳍比第一背鳍更高; 胸鳍是短的到中等长度的; 泳鳔不存在或不发达的。 下侧与腹面银白色有无色的被排列成水平导向的列的细长的椭圆形的斑点。 背鳍、胸鳍与腹鳍是黑色的; 第二个背鳍与臀鳍的顶端褪色成黄色; 臀鳍是银色的; 背部与肛门的离鳍是黄色的有浅灰色的边缘; 尾鳍是黑色的,藉由黄色绿色的条纹。
Predominantly neritic species avoiding very turbid waters and areas with reduced salinity such as estuaries. May form schools of varying size. Feeds on a variety of fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans, particularly stomatopod larvae and prawns (Ref. 9684). Marketed mainly fresh and dried salted (Ref. 9684), but also smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987).
避开非常浑浊的水域主要浅海的种与有低盐度例如河口的区域。 可能形成各种大小的鱼群。 吃多种鱼，头足类动物与甲壳动物, 特别地口足目幼生与虾.(参考文献 9684) 主要地在市场上销售生鲜或乾渍 (参考文献 9684), 也烟熏, 罐装及冷冻.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 红海而且东非到新几内亚,北至日本, 南至澳洲。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 28.4, mean 26.5 °C (based on 1398 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00818 - 0.02439), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.32; assuming tm=2-4; tmax=18.7; Fec>1M).
Prior r = 0.79, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.18, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.2 [25.8, 117.5] mg/100g; Iron = 3.01 [1.19, 7.29] mg/100g; Protein = 23.2 [21.8, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.316 [0.191, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 101 [27, 327] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44 [6, 332] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.489 [0.265, 0.931] mg/100g (wet weight);
