Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Eponymy: Dr Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821) was a German naturalist and zoologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); εύρος βάθους 0 - 50 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: eastern coast of Africa to Indonesia.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 115 - ? cm
Max length : 119 cm WD αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 11441); 120.0 cm WD (female); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 30.0 kg (Ref. 11228)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
A small devilray with a short head bearing short head fins; dorsal fin white-tipped, and pectoral fins with slightly curved tips; upper surface with no denticles and tail shorter than disc, with no spine (Ref. 5578). Dark brown above, white below (Ref. 5578).
Found in coastal and oceanic waters (Ref. 5578). Feeds on plankton (Ref. 30573). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally found in schools, leaping out of the water (Ref. 11228). Caught rarely in the tuna gillnet fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Probably giving birth to only one pup; born at ~31 cm WD (Ref.58048).
Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.9 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1852 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).