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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Plagopterinae
Etymology: Couesius: From the American ornithologist Eliot Coues of the US Army Medical Coprs (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Elliott Ladd Coues (pronounced ‘cows’) (1842–1899) was a US Army Surgeon who graduated from Columbia University (1861) then being appointed Assistant-Surgeon in the army (1864). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.5 - 7.8; 非遷移的. 溫帶; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 12468); 66°N - 40°N
North America: Alaska (Yukon River drainage); throughout most of Canada and northern USA; south to Delaware River in New York, south end of Lake Michigan, Illinois, Platte River system in Colorado, and Columbia River drainage in Washington, USA. Relict population in Mississippi River basin in Iowa, USA. Sometimes hybridizes with Rhinichthys cataractae in Lake Superior (Ref. 4564).
北美洲: 阿拉斯加州 (育空河流域). 在大部分的加拿大與美國北部各處; 南至紐約的德拉瓦河，密西根湖，伊利諾州，科羅拉多的普拉特河流域與華盛頓的哥倫比亞河流域的南端。 在美國愛荷華州的倖存族群在密西西比河流域。 有時在秀克必李耳湖與 Rhinichthys cataractae 雜交。 (參考文獻 4564)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 10.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9; 脊椎骨: 39 - 44. Couesius plumbeus is distinguished by having the following characters: barbel at corner of large, barely subterminal mouth; moderately pointed snout; large eye; head flattened above and below; dorsal fin origin over or slightly behind pelvic fin origin; complete lateral line, 53-70 lateral scales; 8 anal rays, and pharyngeal teeth 2,4-4,2 (Ref. 86798). Spineless fins, normal jaws, and tiny barbel at the corner of the mouth (Ref. 27547). Body moderately compressed and slender, coloration include brown to green above, dark stripe along silver gray side, darkest on young and large male, sometimes black specks on side and belly, dusky caudal spot. Large male may have red at pectoral and pelvic fin origins, corners of mouth (Ref. 86797). In some populations, breeding males develop bright orange-red patches on sides of head and at bases of pectoral fins, but the presence of this color varies from place to place (Ref. 27547).
在嘴巴的角落區別的特徵為無棘的鰭，正常顎與極小的觸鬚了。 (參考文獻 27547) 鰓耙短.(參考文獻 27547) 尾鰭適度分叉, 有圓的葉.(參考文獻 27547) 褐色到呈綠色的上方, 下面銀色的; 一條相當不明顯深色或線索-色彩的條紋存在沿著側邊, 時常在頭小的標本之上向前延伸; 下側與腹面時常有細點深色的.(參考文獻 27547) 在一些族群，繁殖期的雄性發育在頭側上的鮮橘色-紅色的區塊而在胸鰭基底鰭, 但是那有這一個顏色到處改變.(參考文獻 27547)
Inhabits virtually any body of water, standing or flowing, large or small (Ref. 5723, 86798). Common in gravel-bottomed pools and runs of streams and along rocky lake margins (Ref. 86798). Mostly found in shallow water, but may move to deeper parts of lakes during hot weather (Ref. 27547). Feeds on zooplankton, algae, terrestrial and aquatic insects, and small fishes (Ref. 1998).
棲息於事實上任何的水體, 不動或流動的﹐大的或小的.(參考文獻 5723) 溪流的常見於礫石底水潭與急流而且沿著湖邊岩石.(參考文獻 5723) 大部份在淺水區中, 但是可能在熱的天氣的時候移動到湖的較深的部分.(參考文獻 27547) 吃浮游動物，藻類，陸生與水生昆蟲與小魚。 (參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning individuals form schools that move from lakes or deeper parts of streams to shallower water (Ref. 27547). Also Ref. 10280.北美洲: 阿拉斯加州 (育空河流域). 在大部分的加拿大與美國北部各處; 南至紐約的德拉瓦河，密西根湖，伊利諾州，科羅拉多的普拉特河流域與華盛頓的哥倫比亞河流域的南端。 在美國愛荷華州的倖存族群在密西西比河流域。 有時在秀克必李耳湖與 Rhinichthys cataractae 雜交。 (參考文獻 4564)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 November 2011
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00551 - 0.01899), b=3.01 (2.84 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=5; K=0.36).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
