Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 60 - 300 m (Ref. 7251). Tropical; 35°N - 33°S, 100°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: South Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean Sea; probably more widespread. Reported from the northern coast of South America (Ref. 5217).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 14; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Pelvic fin long, its tip extending posteriorly beyond origin of anal fin; caudal fin deeply emarginate, upper lobe projecting posteriorly; body silver with a pink cast dorsally, silvery-white ventrally; a yellow line extending from snout through lower edge of eye to posterior margin of opercle; pectoral fin pink, other fins yellow (Ref. 13608).
Occurs over hard bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.9 - 25.2, mean 20 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00618 - 0.02945), b=3.00 (2.81 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 101 [42, 181] mg/100g; Iron = 0.896 [0.477, 1.637] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.0, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.28 [0.17, 0.48] g/100g; Selenium = 73 [40, 141] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [8.3, 78.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.956 [0.678, 1.400] mg/100g (wet weight);
