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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Subtropical; 37°N - 22°N, 123°W - 104°W

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Eastern Central Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to the Gulf of California; old records from as far north as San Francisco, California.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Gewicht: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)

Found in shallow sandy areas, often in surf zones, bays and tidal sloughs. Feed on fishes, crustaceans, marine worms and bivalves (Ref. 9118) Often caught by surf fishers. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Oviparous (Ref. 240). Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).

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Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 January 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.5 - 25.9, mean 22.4 °C (based on 22 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00492 - 0.01282), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.47 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Umbrina roncador Jordan & Gilbert, 1882