Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 40 - 700 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 10°N, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: western Norway, Skagerrak, Shetlands and western Scotland to Senegal. Also in the Mediterranean (mainly western part).
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5377); common length : 13.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4952)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 9 - 10; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 23 - 25; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 22 - 24. Eye large; snout as long as eye or longer. Mouth very protractile, forming a short tube when protruded. Third dorsal and anal spines only a little longer and stronger than the others. Body depth more than one and a half times in standard length. Vertebrae 21-23.
Depth range from 40-600 m (Ref. 35388) and from 288-700 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Gregarious. Form schools. Found over rock or coral, but also trawled over sandy ground. Feed on crustaceans or worms, mollusks (Ref. 4952). Males are smaller than females (Ref. 5377).
Quéro, J.-C., 1986. Caproidae. p. 777-779. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4952)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: saknar intresse
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.9 - 15, mean 10.7 °C (based on 295 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01469 - 0.02472), b=2.82 (2.74 - 2.90), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.145; tmax=26; tm=1.84).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.67, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 74.7 [37.7, 139.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.56, 2.07] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.7, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.180, 0.549] g/100g; Selenium = 37 [16, 86] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [4.5, 77.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.767 [0.502, 1.164] mg/100g (wet weight);
