分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Type locality: Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 12°N - 24°S, 55°E - 154°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West-Pacific: East coast of Africa to the Line Islands. Except for its occurrence along the African coast (Zanzibar, Tanzania to Ponta Zavora, Mozambique) it seems to be primarily an insular species, occurring at most (probably all) of the islands of tropical Indian and west-central Pacific. Not known from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, or Australian waters (however, it is found at Rowley Shoals off Western Australia).
印度-太平洋: 非洲東岸到列島群島。 除了它的棲地沿著它似乎主要地是被出現在的一個島嶼魚種得最熱帶印度洋與中西太平洋的島嶼的非洲海岸 (坦尚尼亞的桑吉巴到 Ponta Zavora, 莫三比克)。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣，斯里蘭卡，菲律賓，台灣，日本否則澳洲的水域。 (然而，它被發現於羅雷淺灘外海的西澳大利亞)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 47.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 125599); 最大體重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 125599)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Preopercle rounded, with a shallow notch; the serrae are enlarged but covered with skin; upper edge of the operculum almost straight. The head and body mostly covered with close-set dark brown, olive, or reddish brown spots. Those on the dorsolateral parts of the head, body, and on median fins polygonal and close-set, with the interspaces forming a white reticulum. Those on the ventral portions are more rounded, more separated and often more reddish. Three dark blotches are often visible at the base of the dorsal fin and one forming a saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle. These blotches differentiates it from E. merra and E. quoyanus (Ref. 5222). Small conspicuous dark spots on snout and sometimes between or below the eyes (Ref. 37816).
前鰓蓋骨圓形的, 具有一個淺的凹槽; 鋸齒被增大但是覆蓋著皮膚; 幾乎筆直地的鰓蓋的上緣。 大部份覆蓋著的頭部與身體靠攏在一起深褐色的﹐橄欖色﹐或紅褐色的斑點。 在頭部，身體的背外側部份上的那些, 與在中央的鰭上多角形的而且靠攏在一起, 有間隙形成一個白色的網狀質。 在腹面上的那些更圓形, 分得更開與時常更淡紅的。 三個黑色斑塊時常是出現在背鰭基底與一在尾梗上形成一個斑塊。 這些斑塊使它有別於 E. merra 與 E. quoyanus 。 (參考文獻 5222) 在吻上的小的顯著深色的斑點與有時在眼之間或下面.(參考文獻 37816)
Occurs in lagoon patch reefs, the upper slopes of channels, and reef margins (Ref. 1602). Carnivorous (Ref. 81697). Nothing has been published on its biology. Solitary (Ref 90102).
出現於潟湖礁坪，峽道的上層斜坡與礁區邊緣。 (參考文獻 1602) 尚未有任何文獻報告在它的生物學特性。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 非洲東岸到列島群島。 除了它的棲地沿著它似乎主要地是被出現在的一個島嶼魚種得最熱帶印度洋與中西太平洋的島嶼的非洲海岸 (坦尚尼亞的桑吉巴到 Ponta Zavora, 莫三比克)。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣，斯里蘭卡，菲律賓，台灣，日本否則澳洲的水域。 (然而，它被發現於羅雷淺灘外海的西澳大利亞)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 November 2017
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 1392 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00686 - 0.01753), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.5 [18.0, 76.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.528 [0.290, 1.094] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.077, 0.196] g/100g; Selenium = 27.3 [16.0, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 228 [63, 825] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [0.99, 2.03] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
