分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). 熱帶; 2°S - 40°S, 20°E - 51°E
Western Indian Ocean: from the east coast of Africa, Kenya to Natal, South Africa, and Madagascar.
印度洋: 馬達加斯加 , 非洲海岸從艾佛烈港向北至波斯灣但是不在紅海, 巴基斯坦與印度的海岸, 也許對加爾各答與外海的緬甸, 但是沒有記錄。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5430)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 34 - 44; 脊椎骨: 43 - 45. Diagnosis: Body compressed, belly with 16-19 pre-pelvic and 8-12 post-pelvic scutes, a total of 24-30 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus; maxilla long, reaching beyond base of first pectoral finray; first supra-maxilla a minute oval; lower gillrakers 18-24, the serrae on the inner edge in distinct clumps in larger fishes; anal fin with 3-4 unbranched rays and 31-40 branched rays; a dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening; inside of gill cavity bright orange (Ref. 189). This species overlaps the range of different other species of Thryssa, of which five have a similar maxilla, very small first supra-maxilla and overlapping gillraker counts; however of these five species, T. gautamiensis, T. malabarica, T. purava and T. whiteheadi all have the tip of the snout at or above the level of the centre of the eye, and the last two, plus T. stenosoma, have at least 38 branched anal finrays (Ref. 189).
腹面有 16 到 19+8 t 012=24 到 30個從峽部到肛門的有龍骨的鱗甲。 顎骨長的, 超過第一個胸鰭鰭條的基底; 細小的, 橢圓形第一個上顎骨。 在內緣上下鰓耙有鋸齒形成明顯的一叢在較大的魚中。 在鰓裂的上半部後面的一個黑色斑塊; 在鰓腔之內鮮橘色的。
A coastal, pelagic species (Ref. 28), apparently common along shore and in estuaries (Ref. 5430). Presumably schooling, occurring inshore and entering estuaries and lagoons, perhaps used as nursery areas, but moving further out in rainy seasons when coastal waters are freshened up by rivers (Ref. 189). It feeds on plankton organisms (Ref. 28). May be caught using ringnets (Ref. 5213). Generally marketed fresh, may be salted or dried (Ref. 5284).
推測為群游, 出現於沿海地區和進入河口與潟湖 (也許作為繁殖區), 但是當沿岸水域被河變淡的時候在雨季進一步向外移動。 可能是使用環狀網捕捉。 (參考文獻 5213) 通常在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 可能是鹽醃或乾燥的.(參考文獻 5284)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度洋: 馬達加斯加 , 非洲海岸從艾佛烈港向北至波斯灣但是不在紅海, 巴基斯坦與印度的海岸, 也許對加爾各答與外海的緬甸, 但是沒有記錄。
Hata, H. and H. Motomura, 2019. Two new species of Thrissina (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the northern Indian Ocean and redescription of Thrissina vitrirostris (Gilchrist and Thompson 1908). Ichthyol. Res. 67(1):155-166 (Ref. 128122)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 March 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29.3, mean 27.4 °C (based on 294 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00309 - 0.00850), b=3.15 (3.01 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
