Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 1 - 30 m (Ref. 34095). Subtropical; 25°S - 38°S
Western Pacific: Queensland to Victoria, Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4690)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 15 - 16; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 7 - 9; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 5; فقرات: 26 - 27. Presence of a large horizontal spine below the eye, a dorsal fin which originates just behind the posterior edge of the eye, and venomous dorsal spines.
Found in seagrass beds in estuaries (extremely common during reproductive season in the austral Spring) and coastal bays, and sponge gardens on inshore reefs. Venomous dorsal spines often inflict a painful sting to fishers (Ref. 34095, 39597). Of no commercial importance but often entrapped in fishing gears such as trawls and can be dangerous to fishermen who attempt to remove these (Ref. 39597).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.6 - 24.2, mean 20.7 °C (based on 105 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.7 [17.2, 144.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.661 [0.315, 1.457] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.1, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.348 [0.142, 0.957] g/100g; Selenium = 10.4 [4.3, 25.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 104 [31, 354] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.86, 2.17] mg/100g (wet weight);
