分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 22 - 103 m (Ref. 5222). 熱帶; 39°N - 34°S, 114°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, off eastern Australia (between 25°S-32°S), and off the coast of Western Australia (south of 19°30'S).
西太平洋: 韓國，日本，台灣，中國香港，外海的澳洲東部 (在 25 °S-32 °S 之間), 與外海的西澳大利亞的海岸.(19 ° 30 南方'S)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 68.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 18 - 21; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark brown or violet-black body color, darker fins; oval body, compressed, depth contained 2.4-2.7 times in the standard length; head length 3.0-3.4 times in SL; distinctly convex dorsal head profile; nostrils subequal in juveniles, diameter of posterior nostrils twice that of anterior nostrils in 56 cm SL adults; small mouth, oblique, pair of short canines at front of each premaxilla (Ref. 89707).
An anti-tropical species. Occurs on rocky or soft (silty-sand or mud) bottoms. The young have been observed to feed on zooplankton in the water column; feeding of adults has not yet been discovered.
一個反赤道的種。 生活於岩石或軟的 (淤沙的或泥) 底部。 幼魚曾經觀察在水團覓食浮游動物; 成魚的食性尚未被發現了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西太平洋: 韓國，日本，台灣，中國香港，外海的澳洲東部 (在 25 °S-32 °S 之間), 與外海的西澳大利亞的海岸.(19 ° 30 南方'S)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 April 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 25.7, mean 23.7 °C (based on 53 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00553 - 0.02385), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
