Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Odontaspididae (Sand tiger sharks)
Etymology: Odontaspis: Etymology not explained, presumably odontos (Gr.), tooth, and aspis (Gr.), shield, perhaps referring to how teeth comprise a prominent narrow cusp provided with two or more small “side teeth” (translation), i.e., cusplets, which, with some imagination, could be said to “shield” the main cusp; another explanation: aspis (L.), viper, perhaps referring to outwardly pointing teeth of O. ferox, like that of a viper (See ETYFish); ferox: Latin for fierce, possibly referring to what Risso described as its “La voracité extrême” and/or its toothy and ferocious countenance (See ETYFish).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien benthopelagisch; diepte 10 - 2000 m (Ref. 26346), usually 13 - 880 m (Ref. 89422). Deep-water; 50°N - 49°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54681)
Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Gascony, Madeira, Morocco, Mediterranean; also Cape Verde (Ref. 27000). Western Atlantic: Yucatan Shelf, Mexico (Ref. 9939), Brazil (Ref. 53443). Indo-West Pacific: off South Africa and Maldives, Madagascar, southern Japan, Australia, and New Zealand (Ref. 13568). Expected to occur in the Western Central Pacific (Ref. 13568). Central Pacific: off Hawaii (Ref. 13568). Eastern Pacific: off southern California, USA and Baja California, Mexico (Ref. 13568).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 360 cm
Max length : 450 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 89422); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 289.0 kg (Ref. 9939)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0. A shark with a short, pointed snout, small eyes, protruding spike-like teeth, and small, equal-sized dorsal and anal fins; first dorsal closer to pectoral than to pelvic fins (Ref. 5578). Grey above, paler below (Ref. 6586); may have red spots on sides (Ref. 5578).
Found on or near the bottom of the continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 6871); sometimes in shallow water (Ref. 6871). Tagging showed the species dives up to 2,000 m at Malpelo Island, Colombia (S.Bessudo, pers.comm. 06/09). Feeds on small bony fishes, squids, and crustaceans (Ref. 13568). Uses its long body cavity and large, oily liver to regulate buoyancy. Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). Not implicated in attacks on people (Ref. 247). Flesh utilized for human consumption and liver for its high squalene content (Ref. 247); utilization of fins, jaws and cartilage (Ref.58048).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). Two young born at 105 cm or larger (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.2 - 23.9, mean 17.3 °C (based on 810 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.12 [0.49, 12.27] mg/100g; Iron = 0.217 [0.051, 0.701] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.0, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.34 [0.14, 0.81] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [7.0, 81.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.46 [1.47, 28.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.187 [0.092, 0.357] mg/100g (wet weight);
